Understanding Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Arthritis is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints. It is not a single disease but rather a term used to describe a range of joint-related issues. At Cape Joint Surgery, we often treat patients who suffer from different forms of arthritis. Let’s dive into what arthritis is, its causes, and how it can be managed.
What is Arthritis?
Arthritis refers to inflammation of one or more joints, leading to pain and stiffness. There are over 100 different types of arthritis, but the two most common types are:
- Osteoarthritis (OA): This is the most common form, often referred to as “wear and tear” arthritis. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): This is an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks its own joint tissues, leading to painful swelling and potential joint deformity.
Causes of Arthritis
The cause of arthritis varies depending on the type. For osteoarthritis, the most common risk factors include:
- Age: The risk of OA increases as you age.
- Joint Injuries: Previous injuries can cause wear and tear in the joints.
- Obesity: Extra weight adds stress to the joints, especially the knees, hips, and spine.
- Genetics: Some types of arthritis can run in families.
For rheumatoid arthritis, the cause is related to an abnormal immune response. The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but genetics, environmental factors, and infections may play a role.
Symptoms of Arthritis
The symptoms can vary depending on the type but generally include:
- Joint Pain: A sharp or dull ache, which may worsen after movement.
- Stiffness: Often more noticeable in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
- Swelling: Inflammation around the affected joints.
- Redness and Warmth: Some types of arthritis, like RA, may cause joints to become red and warm to the touch.
- Reduced Range of Motion: Difficulty moving the affected joint(s).
Diagnosis
At Cape Joint Surgery, diagnosing arthritis involves a combination of clinical assessment, medical history, and diagnostic tests, such as:
- X-rays: To detect joint damage, especially for osteoarthritis.
- Blood Tests: To check for markers of inflammation and autoimmune activity (especially useful in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis).
- MRI and CT Scans: To assess soft tissues and joint structures in more detail.
Treatment Options
There is no cure for arthritis, but treatments can manage symptoms and improve quality of life. The right approach depends on the type and severity of arthritis.
- Medications:
- Pain relievers such as paracetamol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help manage pain and inflammation.
- For RA, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics can slow down the immune system’s attack on the joints.
- Physical Therapy:
- Regular physiotherapy exercises can help maintain joint flexibility and strengthen muscles around the joints, providing better support.
- Lifestyle Modifications:
- Weight management, regular low-impact exercise (such as swimming or cycling), and a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods can make a significant difference.
- Surgical Intervention:
- In severe cases where conservative treatments aren’t effective, joint replacement surgery (hip or knee replacements) or joint fusion may be necessary. At Cape Joint Surgery, we specialise in joint replacement procedures to restore function and reduce pain for those with advanced arthritis.
Living with Arthritis
While arthritis can be a lifelong condition, it is manageable with the right care. Staying active, eating well, and adhering to treatment plans can significantly improve one’s quality of life. If you or a loved one is experiencing joint pain or other symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice early on.
At Cape Joint Surgery, we’re dedicated to helping our patients maintain mobility and live pain-free lives. If you’re struggling with arthritis or want to learn more about treatment options, don’t hesitate to book a consultation with one of our specialists.
Cape Joint Surgery is committed to providing world-class orthopaedic care, including comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of arthritis. Contact us today to schedule an appointment!
